Soutenir les patients pédiatriques : la présence parentale dans le parcours anesthésique
Mots-clés :
Anesthésie, anxiété, enfant, présence parentale, périopératoireRésumé
Objectif
Cet article explore le recours à la présence parentale au moment de l’induction anesthésique comme méthode visant à réduire le niveau d’anxiété périopératoire des enfants et de leurs parents.
Contexte
L’unité périopératoire d’un hôpital public australien.
Sujets
Les patients pédiatriques et leurs parents ou tuteurs.
Argument principal
Des données étayent l’importance de la présence parentale dans le contexte anesthésique. Toutefois, l’adoption d’une telle pratique varie d’un établissement de soins de santé à l’autre. Le présent article cherchera à démontrer que la présence d’un parent durant l’induction de l’anesthésie diminue le niveau d’anxiété de l’enfant. À ce jour, peu d’études se sont penchées sur le rôle pivot que les parents peuvent jouer lorsqu’ils prennent part au processus anesthésique. Pour s’assurer que l’anesthésie demeure sécuritaire, ce rôle doit être clairement défini, et des directives précises doivent être données aux parents.
Conclusion
La présence parentale au moment de l’induction de l’anesthésie chez un enfant est une pratique controversée dans certains hôpitaux. Or, les données disponibles à cet effet démontrent que la présence d’un parent pourrait diminuer l’anxiété chez l’enfant. La collaboration du parent avec l’équipe responsable de l’anesthésie, combinée avec les connaissances et la compréhension offertes par une visite préopératoire, peut contribuer à réduire le niveau d’anxiété chez l’enfant et son parent.
Références
Liguori S, Stacchini M, Ciofi D,
Olivini N, Bisogni S, Festini F.
Effectiveness of an app for reducing
preoperative anxiety in children: A
randomized clinical trial. JAMA
Pediatr 2016;170(8):e160533.
Sadeghi A, Khaleghnejad Tabari A,
Mahdavi A, Salarian S, Razavi S.
Impact of parental presence during
induction of anesthesia on anxiety
level among pediatric patients and
their parents: a randomized clinical
trial. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
;12:3237-3241.
Berghmans J, Marten M, Poley J,
Van der Ende J, Weber F, Van de
Velde M et al. A visual analog scale
to assess anxiety in children during
anaesthesia induction (VAS-I):
Results supporting its validity in a
sample of day care surgery patients.
Pediatric Anesth 2017;27(9):955-
Kim H, Jung SM, Yu H, Park SJ.
Video distraction and parental
presence for the management of
preoperative anxiety and postoperative
behavioral disturbance in
children: A randomized controlled
trial. Anaesth Analg
;121(3):778-784.
Zhang Y, Yang Y, Lau WY, Garg S, Lao J. Effectiveness of pre-operative
clown intervention on psychological
distress: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. J Paediatr Child
Health 2017;53(3):237-245.
Kassai B, Rabilloud M, Dantony E,
Grousson S, Revol O, Malik S et al.
Introduction of a paediatric
anaesthesia comic information
leaflet reduced preoperative anxiety
in children. Br J Anaesth
;117(1):95-102.
Luehmann NC, Staubach ME, Akay
B, Collier PJ, Han RE, Riggs TW et
al. Benefits of a family-centered
approach to pediatric induction of
anesthesia. J Pediatr Surg
;54(1):189-193.
Bailey KM, Bird SJ, McGrath PJ,
Chorney JE. Preparing parents to be
present for their child’s anaesthesia
induction: A randomized controlled
trial. Anesth Analg
;121(4):1001-1010.
National Safety and Quality Health
Service (NSQHS). Care ACoSaQiH.
National Safety and Quality Health
Service Standard 2: Partnering with
Consumers 2017. Sydney; NSQHS:
Available from:
www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-
work/assessment-to-the-nsqhsstandards/
nsqhsstandards-secondedition/.
World Health Organization
(WHO). Definition of key terms
Geneva; WHO: 2013.
Available from: www.who.int/hiv/
pub/guidelines/arv2013/intro/key
terms/en/.
Erhaze EK, Dowling M, Devane D.
Parental presence at anaesthesia
induction: A systematic review.
Int J Nurs Pract 2016; 22(4):
-407.
Fortier MA, Kain ZN. Treating
perioperative anxiety and pain in
children: A tailored and innovative
approach. Pediatric Anesthesia
;25(1):27-35.
Manyande A, Cyna AM, Yip P,
Chooi C, Middleton P. Non-
pharmacological interventions for
assisting the induction of
anaesthesia in children. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev.
;(7):CD006447.
Brioni JDV S, Ahmed R, Bein B. A
clinical review of inhalation
anesthesia with sevofurane: From
early research to emerging topics. J
Anesth 2017;31(5):764-778.
Rasti R, Jahanpour F, Motamed N.
The effect of parental presence on
anxiety during anesthesia induction
in children 2 to 11 years of age
undergoing surgery. Journal of
Jahrom University of Medical
Sciences. 2014;12(1):9-17.
Lin CJ, Liu HP, Wang PY, Yu MH,
Lu MC, Hsieh LY at al. The
effectiveness of preoperative
preparation for improving
perioperative outcomes in children
and caregivers. Behav Modif
;43(3):311-329.
Robinson H, Norton S. Jarrett P,
Broadbent E. The effects of
psychological interventions on
wound healing: A systematic review
of randomized trials. Br J Health
Psychol 2017;22(4):805-835.
Anpuram L. A prospective study on
effect of premedication with oral
midazolam on preoperative anxiety
in children with history of previous
surgery. J Evid Based Med Healthc
;6(6):375-378.
Marechal C, Berthiller J, Tosetti S,
Cogniat B, Desombres H, Bouvet L
et al. Children and parental
anxiolysis in paediatric ambulatory
surgery: a randomized controlled
study comparing midazolam to
tablet computer based interactive
distraction. Br J Anaesth
;118(2):247-253.
Das S, Kumar A. Preoperative
anxiety in pediatric age group – a
brief communication. J Anesth Crit
Care 2017;8(5):1-2.
Lerwick J. Minimizing pediatric
healthcareinduced anxiety and
trauma. World J Clin Pediatr
;5(2):143-150.
Gill FJ, Pascoe E, Monterosso L,
Young J, Burr C, Tanner A et al.
Parent and staff perceptions of
family-centered care in two
Australian children’s hospitals. Eur
J Person Centered Healthc
;1(2):317-325.
Yousef Y, Drudi S, Sant’Anna AM,
Emil S. Parental presence at
induction of anesthesia: Perceptions
of a pediatric surgical department
before and after program
implementation. J Pediatr Surg
;53(8):1606-1610.
The Children’s Hospital at
Westmead. Policy no: O/C/06:8179–
:03. Anaesthesia: Parents
attending the induction of – CHW.
Policy and procedure. Sydney: The
Children’s Hospital at Westmead;
Waseem H, Mazzamurro RS, Fisher
AH, Bhowmik S, Zaman RA,
Andrew A et al. Parental satisfaction
with being present in the operating
room during the induction of
anesthesia prior to pediatric
neurosurgical intervention: A
qualitative analysis. J Neurosurg
Pediatr 2018;21(5):528-534.
Stromgren M, Eriksson A, Bergman
D, Dellve L. Social capital among
healthcare professionals: A
prospective study of its importance
for job satisfaction, work
engagement and engagement in
clinical improvements. Int J Nurs
Stud 2016;53:116-125.
Belanger J, Kossick M. Methods of
identifying and managing the
difficult airway in the pediatric
population. Am Assoc Nurse Anesth
;83(1):35-41.
Smith J. Parental presence during
induction of Anaesthesia – An
evidencebased practice review.
Aust Nurs Midwif J 2017;
(10):1-2.
Aguilar Cordero MJ, Sánchez-López
AM, Mur Villar N, García Garcia I,
Rodríguez López MA, Ortegón
Piñero A et al. Salivary cortisol as an
indicator of physiological stress in
children and adults; a systematic
review. Nutricion Hospitalaria
;29(5):960-968.
Ozdogan HK, Cetinalp S, Kuran G,
Tugal O, Tahiroglu M, Herdem UE
Haytoglu S. The effects of maternal
presence during anesthesia induction
on salivary cortisol levels in children
undergoing tonsillectomy and/or
adenoidectomy. J Clin Anesth
;39:64-66.
Rasti-Emad-Abadi R, Naboureh A,
Nasiri M, Motamed N, Jahanpour
F. The effects of preanesthetic
parental presence on preoperative
anxiety of children and their
parents: A randomized clinical trial
study in Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery
Res 2017;22(1):72-77.
Sjöberg C, Amhliden H, Nygren JM,
Arvidsson S, Svedberg P. The
perspective of children on factors
influencing their participation in
perioperative care. J Clin Nurs
;24(1):2945-2953.
Boles J. Children’s Corner:
Pespectives on supportive care.
Preparing children and families for
procedures or surgery. Pediatric Nursing. 2016;42(3):147-9.
Al-Sagarat AY, Al-Oran HM,
Obeidat H, Hamlan A, Moxham L.
Preparing the family and children
for surgery. Crit Care Nurs Quart
;40(2):99-107.
Chartrand J, Tourigny J,
MacCormick J. The effect of an
educational pre-operative DVD on
parents’ and children’s outcomes
after a same-day surgery: A
randomized controlled trial. J Adv
Nurs 2017;73(3):599-611.
Carlsson R, Henningsson RN.
Visiting the operating theatre before
surgery did not reduce the anxiety in
children and their attendant parent.
J Pediatr Nurs 2018;38:e24-e29.
Australian and New Zealand
College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA).
PS07 Guidelines on pre-anaesthesia
consultation and patient
preparation [Internet]. Melbourne;
ANZCA: 2017 (cited 22 October
. Available from: www.anzca.
edu.au/documents/ps04bp
statement-on-the-post-anaesthesiacareunit.
pdf.
Racine NM, Riddell RP, Khan M,
Calic M, Taddio A, Tablon P.
Systematic review: Predisposing,
precipitating, perpetuating, and
present factors predicting
anticipatory distress to painful
medical procedures in children. J
Pediatr Psychol 2016;41(2):159-
Kruger P, Rosen D. Parental
presence at induction of anaesthesia
is feasible with minimal preparation
and resources. Can J Anaesth
;63(10):1207-1208.
Velzen J, Atkinson S, Rowley E,
Martin JL. The tradition of
anaesthetic rooms: Best practice or
patient risk? Procedia Manufact
;3:59-66.
Hogan L, Harvey R. Creating a
culture of safety by reducing noise
levels in the OR. AORN J
;102(4):410.e1-410.e7.
Nightingale CE. NAP5–death knell
for the anaesthetic room?
Anaesthesia 2015;70(1):108-109.
Lopez-Perez B, Gummerum M,
Wilson E, Dellaria G. Studying
children’s intrapersonal emotion
regulation strategies from the
process model of emotion
regulation. J Genet Psychol
;178(2):73-88.
Salamon A, Sumsio J, Harrison L.
Infants draw on ‘emotional capital’
in early childhood education
contexts: A new paradigm.
Contemp Iss Early Childhood
;18(4):362-374.
Bremner GJ, Slater AM, Johnson SP.
Perception of object persistence: The
origins of object permanence in
infancy. Child Dev Perspect
;9(1):7-13.
Platt R, Williams SR, Ginsburg GS.
Stressful life events and child
anxiety: Examining parent and child
mediators. Child Psychiatry Hum
Dev 2016;47(1):23-34.
Hernik M, Broesch T. Infant gaze
following depends on
communicative signals: An eyetracking
study of 5-to 7-month-olds
in Vanuatu. Dev Sci 2019;22(4):1-8.
Carey S, Zaitchik D, Bascandziev I.
Theories of development: In dialog
with Jean Piaget. Dev Rev
;38(36-54).
